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What Is Northern Pass? Northern Pass is a proposal to run 192 miles of new power lines from Canada, through northern New Hampshire, south to Concord, and then eastward to Deerfield. The project is a collaboration between Eversource (previously known as Public Service of New Hampshire) and Hydro-Quebec, which is owned by the provincial government of Quebec. The utilities say the $1.6 billion Northern Pass project would transport 1,090 megawatts of electricity from Quebec – which derives more than 90 percent of its power from hydroelectric dams – to the New England power grid.The ControversyNorthern Pass has proved an incredibly controversial issue in New Hampshire, especially in the North CountryThe project has generated considerable controversy from the beginning. Despite its statewide impacts, many of the projects most dedicated opponents come from the sparsely-populated and heavily forested North Country.Eversource says the new lines would bring jobs and tax revenue to this struggling part of the state. But opponents of the project say it would mean only temporary jobs for residents when it's under construction. They also say it will deface New Hampshire's forestland, hurting tourism and lowering property values. Depending on the location, developers say the project's towers will range from 85 to 135 feet tall.Polls have consistently found the public remains sharply divided on this issue.Some critics have pushed for the entire project to be buried. Politicians ranging from Sen. Maggie Hassan to former Sen. Kelly Ayotte to 2012 GOP presidential candidate Newt Gingrich have floated this move as having the potential to soften opposition. Eversource maintains this would be too expensive, and would effectively make the project impossible to pursue. The Route: Real Estate Chess Plays Out In The North Country Northern Pass and its opponents have been fighting over control of land along potential routesNorthern Pass has considered a number of routes for the project, but has publicly announced three. The first, unveiled in 2011, faced major backlash from North Country residents and environmental groups. Over the next couple of years, the project and its primary opponent the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests played a prolonged chess match over parcels of North Country land. Northern Pass ultimately spent more than $40 million purchasing acres of undeveloped land in the North Country. Meanwhile, the Forest Society undertook an aggressive fundraising campaign and sought a slew of conservation easements to block potential routes.This maneuvering narrowed the options for Northern Pass. One lingering possibility was exercising eminent domain. Northern Pass publicly stated it was not interested in pursuing eminent domain. But in 2012, in response to strong statewide opposition, the Legislature closed the option altogether, outlawing the practice except in cases where a new transmission line was needed to maintain the reliability of the electric system.By the spring of 2013, Northern Pass opponents believed the project was essentially "cornered" into trying to route the power line through a large conservation easement, called the Connecticut Lakes Headwaters. The governor at that time, Democrat Maggie Hassan, said she opposed such a move on the part of Northern Pass.Second Time Around: Northern Pass Announces Alternative RouteIn June of 2013, Northern Pass unveiled its second proposed route. Abandoning its previous strategy (and $40 million in land purchases) altogether, the project proposed building along existing state and local North Country roadways in Clarksville and Stewartstown. In a nod to project opponents, Northern Pass also said it will bury 7.5 miles of line in Stewartstown, Clarksville, and under the Connecticut River. That raised the price tag on the project from $1.2 billion as initially proposed to about $1.4 billion. While opponents said this move was progress, many – including the Forest Society – maintained that Northern Pass should be able to bury all 180 miles of power lines.Final Route: Burial through the White Mountains0000017a-15d9-d736-a57f-17ff8a620000 After years of continued opposition, Northern Pass made its final concession to critics. It downsized the powerline from an initial proposal of 1,200 megawatts to 1,090 to take advantage of a new technology, known as HVDC lite. This move made it more economical to bury portions of the line, and Eversource said it was now willing to bury 52 additional miles of the project. The new route would be alongside state roadways as the project passed through the White Mountain National Forest.While the governor called the change “an important improvement,” she also said “further improvements” to the project should be made. The partial burial did not placate the project’s fiercest opponents, but some speculated that it would help the project clear one significant hurdle: whether it would get approval to use public lands from the top official at the White Mountain National Forest. The move pushed the estimated price tag up again, to $1.6 billion, now for a project that would deliver less power.With its new route in hand, project officials filed to build the project in October of 2015.Before the Site Evaluation CommitteeThe application to state officials was likely the longest and most complicated in the state’s history, and 161 individuals, interest groups, and municipalities asked to be allowed to participate in the process to evaluate the merits of the project.Given the size and complexity of the project, many of the interveners pushed for a longer review than the standard one year that state law dictates. In May of 2016, those groups got their wish, and the decision was pushed back 9 months. The final deadline was set for September of 2017. However, once the proceeding got under way, it was clear that even this delay would not allow time to hear from all of the witnesses called by the various interveners. Early in September of 2017 it was delayed again, with a final decision set for February 2018.DeniedOn February 1st, 2018, the New Hampshire Site Evaluation Committee voted unanimously to deny the permit for Northern Pass, a decision that triggered an appeals process that was taken up by the New Hampshire Supreme Court in late 2018.In May of 2019, the court heard orgal arguments on the appeal.On July 19, 2019, the court issued its ruling. In a unanimous decision, the SEC's rejection of the project was upheld, likely marking the end of Northern Pass as it was proposed.

Eastern Canadian Premiers And New England Governors Meet Amid Energy Protests

Sam Evans-Brown
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NHPR

New Hampshire is hosting the latest summit between the governors of the New England states and the Premiers of Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. The conference takes place Monday at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, and follows a similar meeting held in Quebec last September

Ahead of the meeting, protesters against the Northern Pass Project and Canadian oil extraction in the Alberta Oil sands gathered to express their dissatisfaction with energy development proposed for the region. A group called a Tar Sands Free Northeast - made up of a coalition including 350.org, the National Wildlife Foundation, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and New Hampshire Audubon, among others - gathered about 80 protesters mostly from Maine, Vermont and Massachusetts. They sang songs, waved signs and gave speeches across from the Mount Washington Hotel on Sunday afternoon. 

Jim Murphy with the National Wildlife Federation told the crowd  to ask their governor’s to keep Canadian oil out of the New England fuel mix. "It is estimated that by 2020 as much as 18 percent of our fuel mix could come from tar sands derived fuels," exclaimed Murphy, pulling from a study done by the NRDC, " Tar-sands derived fuels is much more carbon intensive than conventional fuels."

The activists were not solely focused on tar-sands however, which are not listed on the agenda for the conference, but some also spoke out against a proposed build-out of natural gas pipeline in Massachusetts.

"All the New England Governors signed a letter to NEPOOL asking that they increase electric rate-payers fees in order to pay for Kinder-Morgan and Spectra to be building these pipelines," Dorian Williams with the Massachusetts-based Better Future Project told the crowd, eliciting boos. "It is not in the public interest, it is actually incredibly destructive to the public, so the fact that we would be paying for that infrastructure is abhorrent." 

Credit Sam Evans-Brown / NHPR
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NHPR
Tom Mullen of the Owl's Nest Resort, a staunch Northern Pass Opponent, was one of the earliest arriving protesters

  Meanwhile, just down the road, a second protest gathered. A group of opponents to the proposed Northern Pass project - which would connect hydro-power dams in Quebec to the New England electrical grid - waved signs to passing cars. 

Will Abbot with the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests said a group of passing Canadian journalists had stopped to ask about the project, and had never heard of the proposal. "So if we do nothing else today, other than educate the folks who are visiting from out of state and out of country, that's a success," said Abbot.

Though the protest did have a goal of exerting pressure on other New England Governors. "We hope that the governors will follow Governor Hassan’s lead in suggesting there may very well be a better way of doing it than what’s being proposed," Abbot added.

The conference will consist of two sessions: one on energy and a second on trade, and results in non-binding resolutions between the Canadians and Americans. Last September the delegates signed one such resolutionemphasizing energy efficiency and trade in "clean energy". 

Sam Evans-Brown has been working for New Hampshire Public Radio since 2010, when he began as a freelancer. He shifted gears in 2016 and began producing Outside/In, a podcast and radio show about “the natural world and how we use it.” His work has won him several awards, including two regional Edward R. Murrow awards, one national Murrow, and the Overseas Press Club of America's award for best environmental reporting in any medium. He studied Politics and Spanish at Bates College, and before reporting was variously employed as a Spanish teacher, farmer, bicycle mechanic, ski coach, research assistant, a wilderness trip leader and a technical supporter.
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